Effects of Iron Dietary Supplements to Prevent Iron Deficiency in Repeat Blood Donors / 대한수혈학회지

Background@#The purpose of this study was to prepare data for the prevention and management of iron deficiency by analyzing the effects of taking iron supplements provided by blood centers for repeat blood donors. @*Methods@#The high-risk groups with a potential iron deficiency were defined as three or more whole blood donations within the previous year and were provided with iron supplements for three months. Their hemoglobin and ferritin levels were checked up once a month for six months. The effectiveness of the iron supplements was evaluated by analyzing the changes in the initial and monthly hemoglobin and ferritin results. @*Results@#At the time of recruitments, an average 50.4% (40.8% of men and 65.3% of women, respectively) of participants had ferritin levels of less than 15 ng/mL, the World Health Organization iron deficiency standard, but after three months iron supplementation, the results decreased to 10.9% (9.0% of men and 13.8% of women). The ferritin levels increased significantly after taking iron supplements for three months and showed significant increases in both men and women, particularly after two months (P＜0.05). @*Conclusion@#The dietary iron supplements containing low-dose iron were effective in preventing iron deficiency in repeat blood donors by increasing the ferritin levels.

Effects of Iron Dietary Supplements to Prevent Iron Deficiency in Repeat Blood Donors / 대한수혈학회지

Background@#The purpose of this study was to prepare data for the prevention and management of iron deficiency by analyzing the effects of taking iron supplements provided by blood centers for repeat blood donors. @*Methods@#The high-risk groups with a potential iron deficiency were defined as three or more whole blood donations within the previous year and were provided with iron supplements for three months. Their hemoglobin and ferritin levels were checked up once a month for six months. The effectiveness of the iron supplements was evaluated by analyzing the changes in the initial and monthly hemoglobin and ferritin results. @*Results@#At the time of recruitments, an average 50.4% (40.8% of men and 65.3% of women, respectively) of participants had ferritin levels of less than 15 ng/mL, the World Health Organization iron deficiency standard, but after three months iron supplementation, the results decreased to 10.9% (9.0% of men and 13.8% of women). The ferritin levels increased significantly after taking iron supplements for three months and showed significant increases in both men and women, particularly after two months (P＜0.05). @*Conclusion@#The dietary iron supplements containing low-dose iron were effective in preventing iron deficiency in repeat blood donors by increasing the ferritin levels.

Application of a Grey Zone for HCV and HIV Immunoassays for Blood Donor Screening: Is It still Necessary? / 대한수혈학회지

BACKGROUND: When enzyme immunoassays (EIA) were implemented, considering the limited sensitivity of 1st generation EIAs, the Korean Red Cross (KRC) applied grey zones for detection of weak reactive samples that could lead to false negative results. Despite improved performance of assays, grey zone application is still in practice. We examined whether application of a grey zone to HCV and HIV EIAs is still necessary. METHODS: HCV and HIV EIA results, number of grey zone results, results of further testing done on grey zone samples, and NAT results from 2005 to 2012 were analyzed retrospectively using the Blood Information Management System of the KRC. RESULTS: Among 18,736,094 cases tested, 4,817 HCV (0.03%) and 5,108 HIV (0.05%) cases repeatedly had grey zone results. Twenty-eight (0.58%) HCV grey zone cases were positive on the recombinant immunoblot assay, but negative on NAT. For HIV, 3 cases were diagnosed as indeterminate by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC). However these cases did not seroconvert after several years and were also negative on NAT. CONCLUSION: For HCV, since the grey zone led to detection of true anti-HCV positive cases, not detected by NAT, application of the grey zone should be continued. For HIV, since none of the grey zone cases has been diagnosed as HIV positive by the KCDC, further application of the grey zone is thought not to be necessary. Re-evaluation of the grey zone will save costs for testing, and prevent discard of blood components and loss of donors.

Evaluation of Two Noninvasive Hemoglobin Testing Devices / 대한수혈학회지

BACKGROUND: Determination of the hemoglobin (Hb) levels of prospective blood donors has been performed on capillary blood obtained by finger prick using a gravimetric CuSO4 method. Noninvasive Hb testing devices based on pulse oximetry technology have recently been developed. This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of two noninvasive Hb testing devices, NBM 200 and Pronto-7 as a predonation Hb screening test. METHODS: Hb levels of 993 blood donors (727 males, 266 females) were measured using five methods: two noninvasive methods, CuSO4 method, HemoCue, and hematology analyzer (Sysmex KX-21N). The hematology analyzer was considered as the reference method. RESULTS: Compared with Hb levels of the hematology analyzer, the bias was 0.7 g/dL for NBM 200, 0.1 g/dL for Prtonto-7, and 0.4 g/dL for HemoCue. The intraclass correlation coefficients of Hb measurements compared to the hematology analyzer were 0.57 (95% CI: 0.25~0.73) for NBM 200, 0.73 (95% CI: 0.69~0.75) for Pronto-7, and 0.87 (95% CI: 0.69~0.93) for HemoCue. The ability to detect Hb or =12.5 g/dL was 16.4% and 99.2% for NBM 200, 55.8% and 95.9% for Pronto-7, 60.0% and 98.6% for HemoCue and 81.8% and 95.2% for the CuSO4 method, respectively. CONCLUSION: Unsatisfactory results were obtained using the noninvasive Hb testing devices for a predonation Hb screening test, although they have the apparent advantage of reducing pain and stress in donors thereby increasing donor satisfaction. However, for application in the blood donation setting, performance of these devices should be improved.

Assessment of Serum Ferritin Levels in Plateletpheresis Donors / 대한수혈학회지

BACKGROUND: While plateletpheresis donation results in less red blood cell loss and therefore less depletion of storage iron, repeated plateletpheresis can also lead to iron depletion. To determine the safety of regular plateletpheresis donations, this study estimated donor's iron status according to age, gender, number of donations, and donation interval. METHODS: The study population included 5,109 plateletpheresis donors (4,824 males, 285 females), who passed the hemoglobin (Hb) criteria for plateletpheresis donation of 12.0 g/dL or more in an inclusion period (September 2013~November 2013). During donor screening, serum ferritin levels were measured for assessment of iron status of plateletpheresis donors. RESULTS: Mean age of donors was 30.4 years (range: 17~59). Donors with a history of donation of more than 3 years accounted for 89.3% and 74.0% in males and females, respectively. Mean donation interval and annual donation number in male (female) donors was 11.9 (7.2) weeks and 4.2 (8.7) times, respectively. Approximately 37.8% of male donors and 64.2% of female donors had a serum ferritin level of less than 15 ng/mL. Serum ferritin levels showed correlation with donation interval, as the percentage of donors with a low ferritin level decreased with increase in donation interval (rho: 0.191~0.438, P<0.001). Serum ferritin levels also showed correlation with annual plateletpheresis number (rho: -0.261~-0.411, P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Depleted iron store was observed in nearly 40% of donors who had acceptable Hb levels for plateletpheresis donation. Hb pre-donation screening is not sufficient to reduce the risk of iron deficiency in regular plateletpheresis donors.

Korean Red Cross HLA-Matched Platelet Donor Registry / 대한수혈학회지

BACKGROUND: Transfusion of HLA-matched platelets is required when development of platelet refractoriness occurs after repeated platelet transfusion. This study was conducted to establish a HLA-matched platelet donor registry to supply matched platelets to patients who develop platelet refractoriness. METHODS: HLA-matched platelet donors were recruited among plateletpheresis donors. HLA-A and HLA-B antigen types of recruited donors were tested using a polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific oligonucleotide probe method. RESULTS: A total of 1,029 plateletpheresis donors were recruited. HLA-A and HLA-B antigen frequencies of recruited donors were similar to those of previously reported HLA antigen frequencies of Koreans. During the study period, a patient with platelet refractoriness recovered after receiving six units of HLA-matched platelets. CONCLUSION: During this study 1,029 donors were registered as HLA-matched platelet donors and a patient with platelet refractoriness received HLA-matched platelets using this registry. Supply of HLA-matched platelets will be facilitated by continuous expansion of the number of registered HLA-matched platelet donors, development of a program for management and searching for HLA-matched donors, and establishment of a request-supply system between hospitals and the Korean Red Cross through further studies.

Early bone healing onto implant surface treated by fibronectin/oxysterol for cell adhesion/osteogenic differentiation: in vivo experimental study in dogs

PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of fibronectin and oxysterol immobilized on machined-surface dental implants for the enhancement of cell attachment and osteogenic differentiation, on peri-implant bone healing in the early healing phase using an experimental model in dogs. METHODS: Five types of dental implants were installed at a healed alveolar ridge in five dogs: a machined-surface implant (MI), apatite-coated MI (AMI), fibronectin-loaded AMI (FAMI), oxysterol-loaded AMI (OAMI), and sand-blasted, large-grit, acid-etched surface implant (SLAI). A randomly selected unilateral ridge was observed for 2 weeks, and the contralateral ridge for a 4-week period. Histologic and histometric analyses were performed for the bone-to-implant contact proportion (BIC) and bone density around the dental implant surface. RESULTS: Different bone healing patterns were observed according to the type of implant surface 2 weeks after installation; newly formed bone continuously lined the entire surfaces in specimens of the FAMI and SLAI groups, whereas bony trabecula from adjacent bone tissue appeared with minimal new bone lining onto the surface in the MI, AMI, and OAMI groups. Histometric results revealed a significant reduction in the BIC in MI, AMI, and OAMI compared to SLAI, but FAMI demonstrated a comparable BIC with SLAI. Although both the BIC and bone density increased from a 2- to 4-week healing period, bone density showed no significant difference among any of the experimental and control groups. CONCLUSIONS: A fibronectin-coated implant surface designed for cell adhesion could increase contact osteogenesis in the early bone healing phase, but an oxysterol-coated implant surface designed for osteoinductivity could not modify early bone healing around implants in normal bone physiology.

Evaluation of Point-of-Care Testing Devices for Pre-donation Alanine Aminotransferase Test / 대한수혈학회지

BACKGROUND: In Korea, since 1990, in an effort to reduce the transmission of non-A, non-B hepatitis, all blood donations with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels above 65 IU/L are discarded. In 2012, 64.8% of the disposed blood units at the Korean Red Cross blood centers were due to high ALT levels. Pre-donation ALT testing might prevent unnecessary blood donation and save related expenses. We evaluated performance of point-of-care test (POCT) devices for pre-donation ALT screening. METHODS: ALT levels by four ALT POCT devices (Mission C100, Acon; Reflotron Plus, Roche; Labgeo PT10, Samsung; and FDC NX500, Fujifilm) were compared with venous blood results using laboratory chemistry analyzers (AU series, Beckman Coulter Inc.). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), sensitivity (ability to detect ALT > or =65 IU/L), and specificity (ability to detect <65 IU/L) for each method were calculated. RESULTS: Compared with the laboratory analyzers, the ICCs of ALT measurements by Mission C-100, Reflotron Plus, Labgeo PT10, and FDC NX500 were 0.96 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.95~0.97), 0.99 (95% CI: 0.99~0.99), 0.98 (95% CI: 0.98~0.98), and 0.94 (95% CI: 0.91~0.96), respectively. The sensitivity was 80.95% for Mission C-100, 83.33% for Reflotron Plus, 78.57% for Labgeo PT10, and 97.62% for FDC NX500. The specificity was 99.13% for Mission C-100, 100.00% for Reflotron Plus, 99.78% for Labgeo PT10, and 98.26% for FDC NX500. CONCLUSION: The ALT POCT devices showed almost perfect agreement with the laboratory analyzers and could be useful for pre-donation ALT screening. However, before implementing ALT POCT devices, cost-effectiveness analyses should be performed.

Platelet Additive Solutions / 대한수혈학회지

Storage of platelet concentrates in platelet additive solution (PAS) with plasma removal has many advantages, including reduction of allergic reactions, contributing to the available plasma pool for fractionation or transfusion, and employment of pathogen reduction technology. In order to decrease platelet activation for improvement of in vivo viability, PAS should be designed for optimization of aerobic metabolism using compounds such as glucose, acetate, citrate, phosphate, and electrolytes. After a thorough discussion, particularly on the efficacy and regulations, use of the buffy coat method as well as application of a new generation of PAS may likely be the future direction of platelet storage in Korea.

Chromosomal Abnormalities in Myelodysplastic Syndrome with Near-tetraploidy: A Case Report

Massive hyperdiploidy and tetraploidy are rare cytogenetic abnormalities in myelocytic malignancies, especially in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). These abnormalities are known to be associated with leukemogenesis, leukemic transformation and poor prognosis. We report here the first case of MDS with near-tetraploid cytogenetic abnormality in Korea. A 80-yr-old male was diagnosed with refractory anemia with excess blasts-2 (RAEB-2). Bone marrow aspiration smear showed 16% of blasts, which were large sized myeloid blasts with irregular margins and cytoplasmic vacuolation. Cytogenetic analysis of bone marrow cells revealed numercal and structural cytogenetic abnormalities including near-tetraploidy in 8 of 20 metaphases: 45,XY,add(1)(p36.1),del(10)(p11.2),del(11)(q13),-12,-16,der(17)t(11;17) (q13;q21),add(20)(q13.1),+mar[8]/85~90,idemx2[cp8]/46,XY[4]. After chemotherapy with decitabine, he showed pancytopenia during follow-up period and died of sepsis 14 months after the diagnosis.

A Case of Anti-Sda Proven by Urine Neutralization Test

Anti-Sda is of no clinical significance, because it rarely causes hemolytic transfusion reactions. Even when its presence is suspected during antibody screening test, further identification of the antibody is usually not performed. We experienced a case of anti-Sda in 73 yr-old male patient showing mixed field agglutination by microcolumn agglutination. Antibody specificity could not be identified by conventional antibody identification test, and it was proven to be anti-Sda by urine neutralization test. In spite of its little clinical significance, it may give incompatible crossmatching results reacting with Sda antigen, which occurs at a high frequency in general population. When incompatible crossmatch results arising from anti-Sda are suspected, the problem may be solved by using the urine-neutralized serum of in crossmatching test.

Clinical Evaluation of SD CHECK GOLD as Point-of-care Glucose Meter / 임상검사와정도관리

BACKGROUND: Self-monitoring devices for blood glucose are widely used as a point-of-care testing (POCT) in the management of diabetic patients. In the present study, we evaluated the performance of SD CHECK GOLD Blood Glucose Testing System (SD diagnostic, Korea) using electrochemical detection technique. METHODS: SD CHECK GOLD was tested for linearity, precision and comparison of method. Other glucometers including ACCU CHEK ACTIVE (Roche Diagnostics Ltd., Germany) and ONE TOUCH ULTRA (Lifescan Inc., USA) were compared for the same categories according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. RESULTS: SD CHECK GOLD revealed good linearity in glucose concentration ranging from 50 mg/dL to 550 mg/dL (r(2)=0.9931). In the precision study, within-run precision and total-run precision (CV)s were within 10%. Excellent correlation was found between SD CHECK GOLD and Toshiba 200FR (Toshiba, Japan) (y=0.9212x, r=0.9756). CONCLUSIONS: SD CHECK GOLD showed good linearity, precision, and correlation with the reference method. No significant effect of testing procedure or operator was found. SD CHECK GOLD provided rapid and reliable results for blood glucose and seemed to be appropriate for the clinical useful in the management of diabetic patients.

An Experience with Unexpected Antibody Screening Tests using a Panel That Included Di(a) Cells in Koreans / 대한수혈학회지

BACKGROUND: In Korea, a screening panel of cells from abroad without Di(a) positive cells has been commonly used when a patient has an unexpected antibody screening test. It has been reported that Di(a) occurs with a frequency of 6.14 to 14.5% among Koreans. However, the current popular antibody screening panels contain no Di(a) positive cells. In this study, we evaluate the clinical usefulness of the Di(a) Cell Panel (Diagnostic Grifols, Barcelona, Spain) for Koreans. METHODS: A total of 3,372 pretransfusion samples were employed for unexpected antibody screening testing using panels of cells by the DG Gel microtube column agglutination system, including additional Di(a) cells (Diagnostic Grifols, Barcelona, Spain). The positive cases in this system were confirmed again with DiaMed Di(a) antigen positive panel cells (DiaMed Ag, Cresssier, Morat, Switzerland) and this was followed by sequence- based Diego genotyping. RESULTS: The positive detection rate of an unexpected antibody screening test using SeraScan Diana I and II was 1.07% (36/3372), and seven samples were reactive (1+~2+) with the SeraScan Di(a) panel cells (0.21%). However, among the 5 available genotyped samples, two cases were typed as Di(a-b+). CONCLUSION: Even though there is discrepancy between the genotype and the two antibody screening kits, the addition of Di(a) positive cells as unexpected antibody screening panel cells is recommended.

A Case of RhD with Anti-D / 대한수혈학회지

We report here on a case of a RhD blood group phenotype with anti-D. The RhD phenotype for partial D phenotyping with using six monoclonal anti-sera typed as normal RhD for this case. DNA sequencing analysis of the RhD gene covering intron 8 to exon 10 showed two AAATAAGATA insertion sites in intron 8 and a single nucleotide change in the exon 10 area as compared with the normal RhD gene. However, the functional role of the RhD antigen is unclear.

A case of ticlopidine induced acute cholestatic hepatitis and pure red cell aplasia / 대한간학회지

Ticlopidine inhibits platelet aggregation and provides beneficial secondary prevention of cerebrovascular and coronary artery disease. Frequently reported adverse effects of ticlopidine include diarrhea, nausea, and rash. However, to our knowledge, there are only a few published reports of the simultaneous occurrence of cholestatic hepatitis and pure red cell aplasia. Here we report a patient with simultaneous severe cholestatic hepatitis and pure red cell aplasia associated with ticlopidine. Although these adverse effects are rare, periodic hematological and liver function tests are recommended after starting ticlopidine.

Evaluation of Green Vac-Tube in Clinical Laboratory Tests / 임상검사와정도관리

BACKGROUND: Vacuum tubes are widely used in the clinical laboratory for routine tests. We compared a newly developed Green Vac-Tube (SPM, Gimje, Korea) with Vacutainer (BD, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) and Vacuette (Greiner Bio-One, Frickenhausen, Germany) in routine chemistry and hematology tests. METHODS: A total of 101 volunteers, 81 patients and 20 healthy volunteer, were recruited and we had collected blood samples with three kinds of EDTA tubes and those of serum separating tubes. The samples were evaluated for chemistry and hematology tests using TOSHIBA 200FR (Toshiba, Tokyo, Japan) and ADVIA (Siemens, Deerfield, IL, USA) respectively. Their results were statistically analyzed by paired t-test and Bland-Altman plot. RESULTS: Their clinical utilities were examined by CLIA'88 programs. Paired t-test analysis revealed that the results of ALP, AST, total bilirubin, CO2, Hct and MCV showed statistically significant differences between Green Vac-Tube and previously used two vacuum tubes. Similar significant differences were also observed between previous two vacuum tubes. And 194 (4.37%) cases among 5,151 cases were in the critical region by Bland-Altman plot. All different cases, except Na+, K+ however, were clinically acceptable by CLIA'88 programs. CONCLUSIONS: Green Vac-tube has good analytical performance compared to previously-used tubes.

Study of chitosan's effects on periodontal tissue regeneration: a meta-analysis of the histomorphometry / 대한치주과학회지

PURPOSE: Chitosan & chitosan derivative(eg. membrane) have been studied in periodontal regeneration, and recently many studies of chitosan have reported good results. If chitosan's effects on periodontal regeneration are enhanced, we can use chitosan in many clinical and experimental fields. For this purpose, this study reviewed available literatures, evaluated comparable experimental models. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten in vivo studies reporting chitosan's effects on periodontal tissue regeneration have been selected by use of the 'Pubmed' and hand searching. RESULTS: 1. In Sprague Dawley rat calvarial defect models, amount of newly formed bone in defects showed significant differences between chitosan/chitosan-carrier/chitosan-membrane groups and control groups. 2. In beagle canine 1-wall intrabony defect models, amount of new cementum and new bone showed significant differences between chitosan/chitosan-membrane groups and control groups. The mean values of the above experimental groups were greater than the control groups. CONCLUSION: The results of this study have demonstrated that periodontal regeneration procedure using chitosan have beneficial effects, which will be substitute for various periodontal regenerative treatment area. One step forward in manufacturing process of chitosan membrane and in use in combination with other effective materials(eg. bone graft material or carrier) may bring us many chances of common use of chitosan in various periodontal area.

Histologic evaluation of various membranes on periodontal tissue regeneration of 1-wall intrabony defects in dogs / 대한치주과학회지

PURPOSE: In dental clinical fields, various periodontal membranes are currently used for periodontal regeneration. The periodontal membranes are categorized into two basic types: resorbable and non-resorbable. According to the case, clinician select which membrane is used. Comparing different membranes that are generally used in clinic is meaningful. For this purpose, this study evaluates histological effects of various membranes in canine one wall intrabony defect models and it suggest a valuation basis about study model. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The membranes were non-resorbable TefGen Plus(R), resorbable Gore Resolut XT(R) and resorbable Osteoguide(R). One wall intrabony defects were surgically created at the second and the mesial aspect of the fourth mandibular premolars in either right or left jaw quadrants in two dogs. The animals were euthanized 8 weeks post-surgery when block sections of the defect sites were collected and prepared for histological evaluation. RESULTS: 1. While infiltration of inflammatory cells were observed in control, TefGen Plus(R) and Gore Resolut XT(R), it was not observed in Osteoguide(R). 2. TefGen Plus(R) had higher integrity than others and Osteoguide(R) was absorbed with folding shape. Gore Resolut XT(R) was divided everal parts during resorbtion and it was also absorbed from inside. 3. Quantity of new bone and new cementum was not abundant in all membranes. 4. For histologic evaluation of membranes we should consider infiltration of inflammatory, migration of junctional epithelium, integrity of membrane, quantity of new bone and new cementum, connective tissue formation and aspect of resorption. CONCLUSION: This histologic evaluation suggests that Osteoguide(R) provides periodontal regenerative environment with less inflammatory state. It is meangful that this study model suggests a valuation basis about other study model.

Multilateral analysis of Renova(R) implant placement and its Survival rate / 대한치주과학회지

PURPOSE: Given the predictability of dental implant procedure from the studies of successful osseointegration, implant dentistry is often the treatment of choice to replace missing teeth in edentulous patient instead of the fixed prosthesis or removable denture. The Renova(R) dental implant has a RBM(Resorbable Blast Media) surface, internal hex prosthetic connection and a tapered design. At this study gives the analysis of the implant and the short term survival rate of the implant. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this study, a multilateral analysis was performed on the subjects undergoing placement with Renova(R) implant between August 2006 and February 2008 in Yonsei University dental hospital. 96 implants were placed in 56 patients and they were surveyed for cumulative survival rate. Among them 78 implants in 44 patients were surveyed for the rest analyses. RESULT: 1. The cumulative survival rate was 96.88% of 96 implants in 56 patients. 2. The mean marginal bone loss was 0.803mm and the marginal bone loss in augmentation group has higher value than the marginal bone loss in non augmentation group. 3. The health scale for the implants were 87% in success group, 9% in satisfactory survival group, 1% in compromised survival group, and 3% in failure group. 4. Two implants placed in poor bone posterior area by 2-stage failed during prosthetic procedure. CONCLUSION: Renova(R) dental implant showed high cumulative survival rate in installation on partial edentulous ridge and could be a predictable implant system.

Evaluation of the Automatic Blood Bank Instrument AutoVue Innova for Antibody Screening / 대한수혈학회지

BACKGROUND: Pre-transfusion tests are important for performing safe transfusion and there is a need to standardize the process of these tests. In blood banks, automation of tests is under developed and there is always a high risk of error. Automatic instruments for blood bank tests are used in blood centers where a great volume of tests are performed. However, other small scale hospitals have little experience with automatic blood bank instruments. Here, we evaluated the newly developed automatic instrument, the AutoVue Innova (Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics, Raritan, NJ, USA), for performing unexpected antibody screening tests and we compared this to other well known systems. METHODS: In a comparative study, a total of 136 samples, including 28 antibody screening positive samples and 108 negative samples, were tested in parallel by the LISS/Coombs card (DiaMed Ag, Cresssier, Morat, Switzerland) and the AutoVue Innova. The positive samples that were proven by the LISS/Coombs card and the AutoVue Innova were identified by the ID-DiaCell panel (DiaMed Ag, Cresssier, Morat, Switzerland) and the 0.8% Resolve Panel A (Ortho, Raritan, NJ, USA), respectively. Discrepant samples were rechecked by the Identisera Diana (Diagnostic Grifols, Barcelona, Spain). RESULTS: Among the 136 samples, 134 results (98.5%) of the AutoVue Innova agreed with those of the LISS/Coombs card and 2 results were discrepant. These two results were antibody screening positive only on the AutoVue and they were identified as being anti-Lewis(a). CONCLUSION: The unexpected antibody screening tests using the AutoVue Innova showed reliable results for general accuracy and they were useful in aspect of a decreased workload and increased safety, and even for less experienced persons.